The research, published recently in Stem Cells Translational Medicine, reveals that treating iPSCs with the transforming growth factor-ß pathway inhibitor SB431542 leads to rapid and uniform MSC conversion of pluripotent stem cells without the need for embryoid body formation or feeder cell co-culture.
"Having a rapid, effective system for generating MSCs is essential for the translation of these stem cell technologies to the clinic," Dr. Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and editor of Stem Cells Translational Medicine said.
"The method reported here, which bypasses the need for harvesting from bone marrow or fat, is a promising solution."
Because of their immunosuppressive properties and ability to differentiate into a wide range of mesenchymal-lineage tissues, MSCs show great potential for treating cardiac, renal, neural, joint and bone diseases and injuries as well as inflammatory conditions and hemopoietic co-transplantation.
However, MSCs are typically harvested from adult bone marrow or fat, which not only is painful but also yields low amounts.
"Harvesting from cord blood also has its drawbacks, since MSCs can typically be isolated from only about a third of cord samples," Dr. Rebecca Pelekanos, UQCCR researcher said. "While fetal, placental and amniotic sources yield abundant supplies, they require invasive procedures or access to aborted tissue, which has ethical issues."
"This has led to a major need for new sources of MSCs for clinical use."
The investigative teams of the UQCCR and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) developed the MSCs by first generating epithelial-like monolayer cells by culturing ESCs/iPSCs in a serum-free medium containing SB431542. After 10 days, the iPSCs showed upregulation of mesodermal genes and downregulation of pluripotency genes. Differentiation was then completed by transferring the cells into a conventional MSC medium.
"Because iPSCs can be harvested free of ethical constraints and can be readily culture expanded, the simple EB-free differentiation protocol described has considerable potential for the in vitro scale-up required to enable a wide range of MSC-based therapies," Professor Nicholas Fisk, the UQCCR laboratory head for the study said. "Our protocol provides a robust, clinically applicable and efficient system for generating MSCs from human iPSCs."
"Apart from allogeneic applications under development, this suggests that patients-specific iPSC-MSCs may also be considered as an alternative cell source for future tissue-engineering applications."
"It is now timely to test in vivo the efficacy and long-term safety of iPSC-derived MSCs generated by this method in both small and large animals before progressing to human trials," Ernst Wolvetang, an associate professor on the AIBN team and co-lead investigator, further commented.
