A new study using mice determined that human-derived adherent cells (PDAC cells) significantly improved cardiac function when injected into the heart muscle.
Heart failure affects over 42,000 Australians every year, which is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. Despite intensive medical care, almost 80 per cent of people die within eight years of diagnosis, making it the world's leading cause of death.
Heart failure can be the result of coronary artery disease, heart attack and other conditions such as high blood pressure and valve disease.
Cell therapies
Cell therapies for cardiac repair have generated considerable interest in recent years. While earlier studies using autologous bone marrow transplantation (stem cells collected from the patient's own bone marrow) helped improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI), more recent studies showed no benefit in the early stages after MI.
This led researchers to question whether mesenchymal stem cells from sources other than bone marrow, such as cord blood and placenta tissue, might yield better results.
An international team co-led by Patrick C.H. Hsieh of Taiwan's Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, and Uri Herzberg of Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, US recently undertook a study to test the therapeutic effects of PDA-001, an intravenous formulation of PDAC cells, in mice. The researchers also tested the best way to deliver the therapy.
Improved systolic, diastolic function
"Three weeks after chronic heart failure was induced in the animals they were treated with the stem cells by either direct intramyocardial (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection," Dr Hsieh said.
"The results showed that the IM injections significantly improved the left ventricle systolic and diastolic functions compared with injection of vehicle or IV injection of PDA-001.
Dr. Herzberg said: "The IM injections also decreased cardiac fibrosis in the vicinity of the injection sites. We repeatedly observed improvement of cardiac function in the injected sites following IM PDA-001 treatment.
"Based on these results, we want to continue our investigations to optimise the effect through controlling the dose, timing and delivery."
Dr Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, said: "In this animal model of progressive heart injury, stem cells isolated from placenta showed promise as an off-the-shelf therapy for cardiac repair, warranting the need for testing in additional models."
